Although the word may be translated as small bread or bread rolls, panini (sg. panino) are Italian-style sandwiches that may be prepared with different types of bread and various fillings. Their origin is vague, but they were made popular at Italian sandwich shops (paninoteche) sometimes in the mid-20th century.

Panini soared in popularity when they were introduced in the United States, where they are usually grilled, unlike the traditional Italian varieties that are not necessarily toasted. Panini sandwiches are distinguished by the use of high-quality Italian bread, which is often region-specific, such as ciabatta or focaccia, while the ingredients usually include various cold cuts such as prosciutto, mortadella, Italian-style sausages, cheese, and fresh or roasted vegetables.

Though many gourmet versions exist today, the key to each panino is to use only the best ingredients and neatly layer them without overstuffing the sandwich.